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Witnesses
Portraits drawn across every chapter where a soul is on the page.
Every named soul in the Book of Mormon stands at the bar of God as a witness — for Christ, or against Him, by faith or by contrast. These portraits read across the whole arc of a life rather than chapter by chapter, drawing the line between the verses where each person appears. The Hebrew letter ʿayin (ע) — literally eye, and the first letter of ʿed, the word for witness — marks chapters whose lives have a portrait here.
Showing 48 of 48
Aaron
(Aaron son of Mosiah · Aaron the missionary)Witness forReign of Mosiah II — early reign of the judges · Mosiah 27 – Alma 31
missionarysons-of-mosiahconvertlaid-down-the-kingshipquiet-courage
Abish
(Abish the Lamanitess · the servant of the queen)Witness forEarly reign of the judges — c. 91 BC · Alma 19
hidden-disciplefaithfulness-without-spotlightone-of-the-few-named-womengenerational-faith
Alma the Younger
(Alma the Second · Alma son of Alma · the first chief judge of the Nephites · the high priest after the holy order · the Nephite Paul)Witness forReign of Mosiah II through the closing years of his own ministry — the conversion at c. 100 BC, the first nineteen years of the reign of the judges (c. 91–73 BC); central protagonist of the Book of Alma (chs. 1–44 of the book bearing his name) · Mosiah 27:8 – Alma 45:18
convert-by-angelic-arrestborn-again-master-textchief-judge-and-high-priestoffice-separationmaster-missionarythe-condescension-doctrinefaith-as-seedatonement-theologianfather-counsel-to-sonstranslation-not-deathnephite-paul
Amalickiah & Ammoron
(Amalickiah · Ammoron · the brothers who drove the great war)Witness againstThe great war — c. 73–61 BC · Alma 46 – Alma 62
treacheryambitionthe-dark-mirrorcorruption-by-degrees
Amlici
(the cunning man after the order of Nehor · the rejected king who crowned himself · the founder of the Amlicites · the rebel slain by Alma at the Sidon)Witness againstFifth year of the reign of the judges (c. 87 BC); the political-religious successor of Nehor; the first armed counter-revolution against the reign of the judges · Alma 2:1 – Alma 3:25 (the Amlicite-Lamanite war and Mormon's editorial on the mark)
rebel-kingrejected-by-the-voiceself-crowningmonarchical-restorationorder-of-nehorcivil-warlamanite-allianceself-marking-fulfils-prophecyslain-in-personal-combat
Ammon
(Ammon son of Mosiah · Ammon the missionary · the servant of Lamoni)Witness forReign of Mosiah II — early reign of the judges · Mosiah 27 – Alma 27
missionarysons-of-mosiahservant-kingquiet-strengthjoy
Amulek
(Amulek of Ammonihah · the companion of Alma)Witness forEarly reign of the judges — c. 82–74 BC · Alma 8 – Alma 35
convertsecond-witnessthe-atonement-sermonlost-everythingthis-life-is-the-time
The Anti-Nephi-Lehies
(Anti-Nephi-Lehi · the people of Ammon · the Ammonites · they who buried their weapons of war)Witness forEarly reign of the judges — c. 90–77 BC · Alma 23 – Alma 27
covenant-unto-deathradical-repentancemartyrdom-as-witnessburied-weaponsnever-fall-away
King Benjamin
(Benjamin, king of Zarahemla · Benjamin son of Mosiah · the prophet-king at the temple · the father of Mosiah II)Witness forReign over the unified Mulekite-Nephite kingdom at Zarahemla; the editorial hinge between the small plates and Mormon's abridgment (c. 130 – c. 121 BC) · Words of Mormon 1:10 – Mosiah 6:7
prophet-kingthe-temple-discoursetaking-on-the-nameblood-from-every-porenatural-manmighty-change-of-heartsukkoteditorial-hingeorderly-successionthe-sacramental-name
Coriantumr & Shiz
(Coriantumr · Shiz · the last kings of the Jaredites)Witness againstThe extinction of the Jaredite nation · Ether 13 – Ether 15
the-parable-of-pridevengeance-unto-extinctionthe-spirit-ceased-strivingthe-last-man
Emma Smith
(Emma Hale Smith · Emma Hale · the Elect Lady · Sister Emma)Witness forRestoration — 1827–1879 · D&C 25; the long shadow of the Restoration
elect-ladyscribemothercost-bearerquiet-couragehymnal
Enos
(Enos son of Jacob · Jacob's son · the wrestler in the forest · the prayer-keeper of the small plates)Witness forSecond-generation small-plates record-keeper at the land of Nephi (c. 544 – c. 421 BC); the wrestle-conversion that yields the BoM's plate-preservation covenant · Jacob 7:27 – Jarom 1:1
the-wrestlepersonal-pardonplate-preservationpre-incarnational-faithintercessionbeatific-visionrecord-keepersecond-generationpeniel-patternthe-name-enosh
Ether
(Ether the prophet · the last Jaredite prophet)Witness forThe final days of the Jaredite nation · Ether 1 – Ether 15
lone-witnessfaith-things-hoped-for-not-seenthe-historian-of-the-endpeace-at-the-last
Gideon
(the strong man in Limhi's court · the deliverer of Limhi's people · the elder slain by Nehor · the man whose name became a valley and a city)Witness forReign of Noah and Limhi at the land of Nephi, then the early reign of the judges at Zarahemla (c. 145 BC discovery of Noah's wickedness through c. 91 BC martyrdom) · Mosiah 19:4 – Alma 1:9; toponymically memorialized in Alma 2:20, Alma 6:7, Alma 14:1, and onward
delivererwise-counseljust-king-by-not-being-kingpeace-by-truthful-speechfaithful-eldermartyrtoponymizedbridge-figure-between-eras
Helaman son of Alma
(Helaman the younger · Helaman the high priest · father of the stripling warriors · the record-keeper)Witness forLate reign of the judges — c. 74–57 BC · Alma 36 – Alma 62
faithful-sonrecord-keeperhigh-priestshepherd-captainspiritual-fatherhood
Hyrum Smith
(Hyrum Smith Sr. · Brother Hyrum · the Patriarch · Patriarch to the Church)Witness forRestoration — 1800–1844 · D&C 11; D&C 23; D&C 124; D&C 135
elder-brotherpatriarchwitnessmartyrquiet-courageaharon-pattern
Ishmael
(Ishmael of Jerusalem · Father Ishmael · the other patriarch of the Lehite colony)Witness forDeparture from Jerusalem — wilderness journey (c. 600 – c. 593 BC) · 1 Nephi 7 – 1 Nephi 16
the-parallel-patriarchvoluntary-exilenahommother-in-law-of-prophetsseed-that-outlaststhe-other-ishmaelhebrew-etymology
Daughters of Ishmael
(the five daughters of Ishmael · the wife of Nephi · the eldest daughter of Ishmael · the wives of the brothers · the matriarchs of the second household)Witness forDeparture from Jerusalem — wilderness journey — promised land (c. 600 – c. 580 BC) · 1 Nephi 7 – 2 Nephi 5
matriarchsgroup-portraitthe-unnamed-wifeintercessionbanotthe-pleadingthe-eldest-to-the-convertfounding-motherspatriarchal-record-silence
Jacob
(Jacob son of Lehi · Jacob the brother of Nephi · the Wilderness-Born)Witness forLehite founding generation — wilderness-born; first prophet of the small plates after Nephi (c. 595 – c. 520 BC) · 2 Nephi 2 – 11; 2 Nephi 31; Jacob 1 – 7
prophetwilderness-bornatonement-theologiandefender-of-womenkeeper-of-zenosanti-christ-confronterfirst-to-name-christ
Jared
(Jared of the great tower · founder of the Jaredites)Witness forThe dispersion from the great tower — earliest Jaredite era · Ether 1 – Ether 6
founderthe-one-who-knew-to-askvision-and-intercessionthe-fatal-concession
The Brother of Jared
(Mahonri Moriancumer (by later tradition) · the brother of Jared)Witness forThe dispersion from the great tower — earliest Jaredite era · Ether 1 – Ether 6
theophanyfaith-become-knowledgethe-sealed-visionwithin-the-veilthe-shining-stones
Jarom
(Jarom son of Enos · the brief record-keeper · the third-generation steward of the small plates)Witness forThird-generation small-plates record-keeper at the land of Nephi (c. 421 – c. 362 BC); the editor whose restraint is itself the testimony · Enos 1:25 – Omni 1:1
editorial-restraintsmall-plates-stewardshipthe-law-points-to-christas-though-he-already-wasthird-generationprophets-as-preservativesilence-as-reverencerecord-keeper
Joseph Smith
(Joseph Smith Jr. · Joseph the Prophet · Brother Joseph · the Choice Seer)Witness forRestoration — 1820–1844 · Joseph Smith—History; D&C 1–135; Moses; Abraham
prophetseertranslatorrestorermartyrrough-stone-rolling
Korihor
(Korihor the anti-Christ)Witness againstReign of the judges — c. 75 BC (the seventeenth year) · Alma 30
anti-christsign-seekingchosen-unbeliefflattery-of-the-carnal-mind
Laman
(Laman the elder · the first son of Lehi · the patriarch of the Lamanites)Witness againstDeparture from Jerusalem — Lamanite founding (c. 600 – c. 570 BC) · 1 Nephi 2 – 2 Nephi 5; named throughout the rest of the Book of Mormon as the eponymous ancestor of the Lamanite peoples
the-firstborn-who-refusedangelic-ministration-rejectedjerusalem-theologythe-cycle-of-rehardeningthe-blamerestablishment-pietyagainstthe-tragic-patriarch
Lamoni
(King Lamoni · King of the land of Ishmael)Witness forEarly reign of the judges — c. 91–77 BC · Alma 17 – Alma 27
convertlamanite-kingthe-unknown-godrebirth
Lamoni's Father
(The great king · The king over all the land · King of the Lamanites · Father of Lamoni)Witness forEarly reign of the judges — c. 90–77 BC · Alma 20 – Alma 24
convertlamanite-kingtotal-repentancei-will-give-away-all-my-sins
Lehi
(Father Lehi · Lehi the Prophet · the Patriarch of the Lehite Colony)Witness forDeparture from Jerusalem — Lehite colony's founding (c. 600 BC) · 1 Nephi 1 – 2 Nephi 4
prophetpatriarchdispensation-headthrone-theophanytree-of-lifeexodus-patternhouse-of-joseph
Lemuel
(Lemuel the second · the second son of Lehi · the patriarch of the Lemuelites)Witness againstDeparture from Jerusalem — Lamanite founding (c. 600 – c. 570 BC) · 1 Nephi 2 – 2 Nephi 5; named throughout the rest of the Book of Mormon as the eponymous ancestor of the Lemuelite tribe (Jacob 1:13)
the-follower-soulborrowed-identitythe-second-namedbelonging-to-godthe-valley-that-bore-his-namethe-mother's-instruction-refusedfailing-to-chooseagainst
Mormon
(Mormon the prophet · Mormon the abridger · the historian of the Nephites)Witness forThe final destruction of the Nephites — c. 311–385 AD · Words of Mormon 1 – Mormon 7 (and the whole abridgement)
the-abridgerlove-for-the-unsalvageablethe-historian-of-the-endcharity-the-pure-love-of-christ
Moroni
(Moroni son of Mormon · the last Nephite · the angel Moroni)Witness forThe end of the Nephites and after — c. 385–421 AD and beyond · Mormon 8 – Moroni 10 (and the abridgement of Ether)
the-last-mansolitary-faithfulnessthe-promise-of-moronihe-saw-usbridge-to-the-restoration
Captain Moroni
(Moroni the chief captain · Moroni son of the Nephites' captain · the Title of Liberty)Witness forReign of the judges — the great Amalickiah and Ammoron wars, c. 74–57 BC · Alma 43 – Alma 62
chief-captaintitle-of-libertyjust-wardid-not-delight-in-bloodshedintegrity-not-invincibilitythe-pahoran-letter
Mosiah I
(Mosiah the first · Mosiah the elder · Mosiah son of an unnamed Nephite king · the king who led the exodus from Nephi to Zarahemla · the founder of the unified Nephite-Mulekite kingdom · the translator of the stone of Coriantumr)Witness forFirst prophet-king of the unified Mulekite-Nephite kingdom at Zarahemla (c. 200 – c. 130 BC); the third exodus-leader of the Book of Mormon and the first prophet-translator of the Nephite era · Omni 1:12 – Mosiah 1 (his hand on the records); foundational reference in Words of Mormon 1:13
exodus-leaderprophet-kingprophet-translatorfounder-of-zarahemlamulekite-discoverydavidic-linejaredite-bridgestone-of-coriantumrgift-and-power-of-godrecords-restore-language-and-god
Nehor
(the first antichrist of the reign of the judges · the slayer of Gideon · the founder of the order of Nehor · the priest of universal salvation · the large and strong man)Witness againstFirst year of the reign of the judges (c. 91 BC); the order he founded haunted the Nephite civilization down to its end · Alma 1:2–15; the *order of Nehor* recurs through Alma 2, 14, 21, 24, and is the named lineage of priestcraft to the end of the Book of Alma
antichristfirst-antichrist-of-the-judgespriestcraftuniversal-salvation-without-repentancepaid-popularitysword-against-the-wordignominious-deathfounder-of-an-order-of-errorthe-deceiver-recants-before-death
Nephi
(Nephi son of Lehi · Nephi the first · Nephi son of Lehi son of Manasseh)Witness forLehite founding generation — wilderness, voyage, first kingdom in the promised land (c. 600 – c. 545 BC) · 1 Nephi 1 – 2 Nephi 33; Jacob 1
prophetseerking-who-refused-the-namefounderscribevision-patternsmall-platespsalm-of-nephi
Nephihah
(the second chief judge of the Nephites · the wise man among the elders of the church · the namesake of the city of Nephihah)Witness forEarly reign of the judges — appointed in the ninth year of the judges (c. 82 BC); served as chief judge for fifteen years; died c. 68 BC in the twenty-fourth year · Alma 4:17 – Alma 50:37 (death notice); the city of Nephihah recurs through Alma 50–62
chief-judgeselected-by-priesthood-confirmed-by-voteoffice-separation-precedentperfect-uprightness-in-judgmenttoponymizedfaithful-administratorpeaceful-succession
Oliver Cowdery
(the Second Elder · the scribe of the translation · one of the Three Witnesses · Joseph's right hand · Brother Oliver)Witness forRestoration — 1806–1850; in fellowship 1828–1838 and 1848–1850; estranged 1838–1848 · D&C 6; D&C 8; D&C 9; D&C 13; D&C 17; D&C 18; D&C 20; D&C 21; D&C 23; D&C 24; D&C 27; D&C 28; D&C 110; the Testimony of Three Witnesses
the-second-elderscribe-of-the-translationthree-witnessesaaronic-priesthood-restorationmelchizedek-priesthood-restorationkirtland-temple-keysnever-denied-the-witnessreconciliationthe-faithful-scribethe-other-hand-on-the-translation
Omner & Himni
(Omner · Himni · Omner son of Mosiah · Himni son of Mosiah · the sons of Mosiah)Witness forReign of Mosiah II — early reign of the judges · Mosiah 27 – Alma 31
missionarysons-of-mosiahfaithfulness-without-spotlightconsecration
Pahoran
(Pahoran the chief judge · Pahoran the elder)Witness forReign of the judges — c. 67–53 BC · Alma 50 – Alma 62
chief-judgeimmovable-on-principlegreatness-of-heartmagnanimitythe-pahoran-letter
Sam
(Sam son of Lehi · the third son of Lehi · Shem)Witness forDeparture from Jerusalem — Lehite colony's founding (c. 600 – c. 580 BC) · 1 Nephi 2 – 2 Nephi 5
the-faithful-brotherquiet-witnesssame-blessingfirst-convertthe-namethe-equal-heirordinary-saint
Sariah
(Sariah wife of Lehi · Mother Sariah · the Matriarch of the Lehite Colony)Witness forDeparture from Jerusalem — Lehite colony's founding (c. 600 – c. 580 BC) · 1 Nephi 2 – 18; 2 Nephi 1 – 5
matriarchmother-in-israelone-voice-of-doubtthe-deeper-conversionwilderness-bearingsarah-patternsilenced-but-load-bearing
Sherem
(the antichrist who confronted Jacob · the first named antichrist of the Book of Mormon · the smooth-tongued one · the learned man who denied Christ)Witness againstLate in the ministry of Jacob, son of Lehi, at the land of Nephi (c. 540s BC, before Jacob's death and the handoff of the small plates to Enos) · Jacob 7:1–20
antichristprototype-antichristsmooth-tonguesame-canon-different-hermeneuticthe-law-vs-christsign-seekingdeathbed-confessionunpardonable-sinmercy-to-the-fallenlearned-but-lost
Sidney Rigdon
(Elder Rigdon · Sidney the orator · Spokesman · President Rigdon)Mixed witnessRestoration — 1830–1844 (in fellowship); 1844–1876 (after) · D&C 35; D&C 71; D&C 76; D&C 90; D&C 100
oratorspokesmanco-revelatorthe-visiontragic-arcwitness-who-could-not-follow
The Stripling Warriors
(The two thousand stripling warriors · Helaman's two thousand sons · the two thousand and sixty · sons of the Anti-Nephi-Lehies · the young Ammonites)Witness forThe Amalickiah–Ammoron war — c. 66–62 BC · Alma 53 – Alma 58
covenant-generationfaith-of-the-mothersnot-one-fallenobedience-with-exactnessinherited-faith-made-their-own
Teancum
(Teancum the captain · the slayer of Amalickiah and Ammoron)Witness forThe Amalickiah–Ammoron war — c. 67–61 BC · Alma 50 – Alma 62
valiant-warriorfriend-to-libertynight-strikerzeal-and-its-cost
The Omni Line
(Omni and his sons · Amaron, Chemish, Abinadom, Amaleki · the closing record-keepers of the small plates · the five voices of Omni 1)Witness forFourth- through eighth-generation small-plates record-keepers at the land of Nephi and the land of Zarahemla (c. 362 – c. 130 BC); the closing chain of custody before the plates are delivered to King Benjamin · Jarom 1:15 – Omni 1:30; opening verses of Mosiah 1 (the transfer to Benjamin and Mosiah II)
record-keeperprophetic-recessionchain-of-custodythe-mulekitesdavidic-line-survivalstone-of-coriantumrprophet-as-translatorwhole-soul-offeringspiritual-gifts-continueeditorial-finalityfifth-generation-faithfulness
Zeezrom
(Zeezrom the lawyer · Zeezrom of Ammonihah · Zeezrom the missionary)Mixed witnessEarly reign of the judges — c. 82–74 BC · Alma 11 – Alma 31
the-accuser-convertedguilt-as-fevercaught-in-his-own-snarehealed-body-and-soul
Zoram
(Zoram the servant of Laban · the True Friend · Father of the Zoramites)Witness forLehite founding generation — the covenanted outsider (c. 600 – c. 550 BC) · 1 Nephi 4 – 18; 2 Nephi 1 – 5; Jacob 1
covenanted-outsiderconvertoath-keeperfirst-conversion-of-the-new-dispensationgrafted-intrue-friendfounder-of-a-tribe